What is peripheral artery disease?
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is narrowing or blockage of the arteries supplying the legs, usually by cholesterol plaque. Diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and kidney disease are the main risk factors.
Warning signs
- Calf, thigh or buttock pain when walking that eases with rest (claudication)
- Cold, pale or bluish feet
- Foot wounds that don't heal, especially in diabetics
- Pain in the foot at rest or at night
- Blackening of toes
Tests
An arterial Doppler and ankle-brachial index (ABI) are the first tests. CT angiography maps the blockages before treatment.
Treatment
Through a needle puncture in the groin or foot, a wire is passed across the blockage and a balloon opens it (angioplasty). A stent or drug-coated balloon may be used to keep it open. Improving blood flow helps wounds heal and can prevent amputation. Medicines, sugar control, stopping smoking and walking exercise remain essential.
Frequently asked questions
Can angioplasty prevent amputation?
Restoring blood flow is the most important step in limb salvage for patients with poor circulation. Early treatment gives the best chance of saving the limb.
Is it done under general anaesthesia?
No. It is usually done under local anaesthesia through a small puncture.
This page is for general education and is not a substitute for medical advice. Treatment depends on your examination and test results.